Home Previous Next
Need Assignment Help?
A normal cough reflex includes which of the following phases?1. Irritation2. Inspiration3. Compression4. Expulsiona. 1, 2, and 3 onlyb. 1 and 4 onlyc. 1, 2, 3, and 4d. 2 and 3 only
1, 2, 3, & 4
Which of the following are necessary for normal airway clearance?1. Patent airway2. Functional mucociliary escalator3. Effective cough4. Normal pulmonary compliancea. 1 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 2 and 3 onlyd. 2 and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
Which of the following can provoke a cough?1. Anesthesia2. Foreign bodies3. Infection4. Irritating gasesa. 2 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following occur(s) during the compression phase of a cough?1. Expiratory muscle contraction2. Opening of the glottis3. Rapid drop in alveolar pressurea. 1 and 2 onlyb. 2 and 3 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 1 only
1 only
Retention of secretions can result in full or partial airway obstruction. Mucus plugging can result in which of the following?1. Hypoxemia2. Atelectasis3. Shuntinga. 1, 2, and 3b. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 2 and 3 only
1, 2, & 3
Partial airway obstruction can result in which of the following?1. Increased work of breathing2. Air trapping or over distention3. Increased expiratory flows4. Ventilation/perfusion ratio (v/q) imbalancesa. 1 and 2 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
A patient with abdominal muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following phases of the cough reflex are primarily affected in this patient?1. Irritation2. Inspiration3. Compression4. Expulsiona. 1, 2, and 3 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 2, 3, and 4 onlyd. 3 and 4 only
3 & 4 only
A patient recovering from anesthesia after abdominal surgery is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following phases of the cough reflex are primarily affected in this patient?a. Irritationb. Inspirationc. Compressiond. Expulsion
Irritation
A patient with a tracheostomy tube is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following phases of the cough reflex is primarily affected in this patient?a. Irritationb. Inspirationc. Compressiond. Expulsion
Compression
A patient with a neuromuscular disorder causing generalized muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following cough phases are primarily affected in this patient?a. Irritationb. Inspirationc. Compressiond. Expulsion
Inspiration
Which of the following can impair mucociliary clearance in intubated patients?1. Use of respiratory stimulants2. Tracheobronchial suctioning3. Inadequate humidification4. High inspired oxygen concentrationsa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following drug categories can impair mucociliary clearance in intubated patients?1. General anesthetics2. Bronchodilators3. Opiates4. Narcoticsa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Conditions that can affect airway patency and cause abnormal clearance of secretions include which of the following?1. Foreign bodies2. Tumors3. Inflammation4. Bronchospasma. 1, 2, and 3 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 2, 3, and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, 3, & 4
Which of the following conditions alter normal mucociliary clearance?1. Bronchospasm2. Cystic fibrosis (CF)3. Ciliary dyskinesia4. Asthmaa. 1, 2, and 4 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1 and 4 onlyd. 2 and 3 only
2 & 3 only
Conditions that can lead to bronchiectasis include which of the following?1. Chronic airway infection2. Muscular dystrophy3. Foreign body aspiration4. Obliterative bronchiolitisa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following conditions impair secretion clearance by affecting the cough reflex?1. Muscular dystrophy2. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis3. Chronic bronchitis4. Cerebral palsya. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 4 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 4 only
Which of the following are goals of airway clearance therapy?1. Help reverse the underlying disease process.2. Help mobilize retained secretion.3. Improve pulmonary gas exchange.4. Reduce the work of breathing.a. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following acutely ill patients is least likely to benefit from application of chest physical therapy?a. Patient with acute lobar atelectasisb. Patient with copious amounts of secretionsc. Patient with an acute exacerbation of COPDd. Patient with low due to unilateral infiltrates
Patient with an acute exacerbation of COPD
Which of the following conditions are associated with chronic production of large volumes of sputum?1. Bronchiectasis2. Pulmonary fibrosis3. Cystic fibrosis4. Chronic bronchitisa. 1, 3, and 4 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 2, 3, and 4 onlyd. 3 and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
In general, chest physical therapy can be expected to improve airway clearance when a patient's sputum production exceeds what volume?a. 30 ml/dayb. 20 ml/dayc. 15 ml/dayd. 10 ml/day
30 ml/day
Which of the following measures would you use to ask patients for the presence of copious mucus production?a. 1 pintb. 1 ouncec. 1 gallond. 1 tablespoon
1 ounce
What is the best documented preventive uses of airway clearance therapy?1. Prevent retained secretions in the acutely ill.2. Maintain lung function in cystic fibrosis.3. Prevent postoperative pulmonary complications.a. 1, 2, and 3b. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 2 and 3 only
1 & 2 only
When assessing the potential need for postoperative airway clearance for a patient, which of the following factors are relevant?1. Patient's age and respiratory history2. Nature and duration of current surgery3. Number of prior surgical procedures4. Type of anesthesia (e.g., local vs. general)a. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 4 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, 3, and 4
Which of the following laboratory data are essential in assessing a patient's need for airway clearance therapy?1. Chest radiograph2. Pulmonary function tests3. Hematology results4. ABGs/oxygen saturationa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 4 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, & 4 only
Key considerations in initial and ongoing patient assessment for chest physical therapy include which of the following?1. Posture and muscle tone2. Breathing pattern and ability to cough3. Sputum production4. Cardiovascular stabilitya. 1, 2, and 3 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 1, 2, 3, and 4d. 3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3, & 4
Which of the following clinical signs indicate that a patient is having a problem with retained secretions?1. Copious amounts of sputum production2. Labored breathing3. Development of a fever4. Increased inspiratory and expiratory cracklesa. 1 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following are considered airway clearance therapies?1. Postural drainage and percussion2. Incentive spirometry3. Positive airway pressure4. Percussion, vibration, and oscillationa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 2, 3, and 4 onlyd. 2 and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
The application of gravity to achieve specific clinical objectives in respiratory care best describes which of the following?a. Breathing exercisesb. Postural drainage therapyc. Hyperinflation therapyd. Directed coughing
Postural drainage therapy
Postural drainage should be considered in which of the following situations?1. In patients with chronic obstructive lung disease2. In patients who expectorate more than 25 to 30 ml sputum per day3. In the presence of atelectasis caused by mucus plugging4. In patients with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasisa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Absolute contraindications for postural drainage include which of the following?1. Head and neck injury (until stabilized)2. Active hemorrhage with hemodynamic instability3. Uncontrolled airway at risk for aspirationa. 1 and 2 onlyb. 2 and 3 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 3
1 & 2 only
Which of the following are hazards or complication of postural drainage therapy?1. Cardiac arrhythmias2. Increased intracranial pressure3. Acute hypotension4. Pulmonary barotraumasa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
Primary objectives for turning include which of the following?1. Prevent postural hypotension.Promote lung expansion3. Prevent retention of secretions4. Improve oxygenationa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following is the only absolute contraindication to turning?a. When the patient cannot or will not change body positionb. When poor oxygenation is associated with unilateral lung diseasec. When the patient has or is at high risk for atelectasisd. When the patient has unstable spinal cord injuries
When the patient has unstable spinal cord injuries
Which of the following are true of postural drainage?1. It is most effective in disorders causing excessive sputum.2. It is most effective in head-down positions greater than 25 degrees.3. It requires adequate systemic hydration to be effective.4. It improves mucociliary clearance in normal subjects.a. 2 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
In which of the following patients would you consider modifying any head-down positions used for postural drainage?1. A patient with unstable blood pressure2. A patient with a cerebrovascular disorder3. A patient with systemic hypertension4. A patient with orthopneaa. 1, 2, 3, and 4b. 2 and 4 onlyc. 2, 3, and 4 onlyd. 2 and 4 only
1, 2, 3, & 4
In setting up a postural drainage treatment schedule for a postoperative patient, which of the following information would you try to obtain from the patient's nurse?1. Patient's medication schedule2. Patient's meal schedule3. Location of surgical incisiona. 1 and 2 onlyb. 2 and 3 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, & 3
A patient about to receive postural drainage and percussion is attached to an electrocardiographic (ECG) monitor and is receiving both intravenous (IV) solutions and O2 (through a nasal cannula). Which of the following actions would be appropriate for this patient?a. Cancel the therapy because the patient cannot be repositioned.b. Inspect and adjust the equipment to ensure function during therapy.c. Turn off the ECG monitor, but keep the IV line and O2 going.d. Turn off the IV line, but keep the monitor on and the O2 going.
Inspect and adjust the equipment to ensure function during therapy.
Which of the following are mandatory components of the pre-assessment for postural drainage?1. Vital signs2. Bedside pulmonary function tests3. Auscultationa. 1 and 2 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 3
1 & 3 only
If a patient's chest radiograph shows infiltrates in the posterior basal segments of the lower lobes, what postural drainage position would you recommend?a. Head down, patient supine with a pillow under kneesb. Patient prone with a pillow under head, bed flatc. Patient supine with a pillow under knees, bed flatd. Head down, patient prone with a pillow under abdomen
Head down, patient prone with a pillow under abdomen
A physician orders postural drainage for a patient with an abscess in the right middle lobe. Which of the following positions would you recommend for this patient?a. Head down, patient prone with a pillow under abdomenb. Head down, patient supine with a pillow under kneesc. Patient supine with a pillow under knees, bed flatd. Head down, patient half-rotated to left, right lung up
Head down, patient half-rotated to left, right lung up
A physician orders postural drainage for a patient with aspiration pneumonia in the superior segments of the left lower lobe. Which of the following positions would you recommend for this patient?a. Patient prone with a pillow under abdomen, bed flatb. Head down, patient prone with a pillow under abdomenc. Head down, patient supine with a pillow under kneesd. Patient supine with a pillow under knees, bed flat
Patient prone with a pillow under abdomen, bed flat
A physician orders postural drainage for a patient with aspiration pneumonia in the anterior segments of the upper lobes. Which of the following positions would you recommend for this patient?a. Head down, patient prone with a pillow under abdomenb. Patient supine with a pillow under knees, bed flatc. Head down, patient supine with a pillow under kneesd. Patient prone with a pillow under abdomen, bed flat
Patient supine with a pillow under knees, bed flat
If tolerated, a specified postural drainage position should be maintained for at least how long?a. 1 to 2 minb. 10 to 20 minc. 20 to 30 mind. 3 to 15 min
3 to 15 min
While reviewing the chart of a patient receiving postural drainage therapy, you notice that the patient tends to undergo mild desaturation during therapy (a drop in SpO2 from 93% to 89% to 90%). Which of the following would you recommend to manage this problem?a. Increase the patient's FiO2 during therapy.b. Discontinue the postural drainage therapy entirely.c. Discontinue the percussion and vibration only.d. Decrease the frequency of treatments.
Increase the patient's FiO2 during therapy.
Why is strenuous patient coughing during postural drainage in a head-down position contraindicated?a. It can impair the mucociliary clearance mechanism.b. It can increase expiratory airway resistance (Raw).c. It can cause air trapping and pulmonary distension.d. It can markedly increase intracranial pressure (ICP).
It can markedly increase intracranial pressure (ICP).
Soon after you initiate postural drainage in a Trendelenburg position, the patient develops a vigorous and productive cough. Which of the following actions would be appropriate at this time?a. Maintain the drainage position while carefully watching the patient.b. Move the patient to the sitting position until the cough subsides.c. Stop the treatment at once and report the incident to the nurse.d. Drop the head of the bed farther and encourage more coughing.
Move the patient to the sitting position until the cough subsides.
Which of the following would indicate a successful outcome for postural drainage therapy?1. Decreased sputum production2. Normalization in ABGs3. Improved breath sounds4. Improvement in chest radiographa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
2, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following responses indicate that postural drainage should be terminated?1. Severe tachycardia2. Complaint of discomfort3. Irregular blood pressure4. Severe bradycardiaa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 2 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following should be charted after completing a postural drainage treatment?1. Amount and consistency of sputum produced2. Patient tolerance of procedure3. Position(s) used (including time)4. Any untoward effects observeda. 1, 2, and 3 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 1, 2, 3, and 4d. 3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3, & 4
Percussion should NOT be performed over which of the following areas?1. Surgery sites2. Bony prominences3. Fractured ribsa. 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 2 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, & 3
Properly performed chest vibration is applied at what point?a. Throughout inspirationb. At the end of expirationc. At the start of inspirationd. Throughout expiration
Throughout expiration
Directed coughing is useful in helping to maintain airway clearance in which of the following cases?1. Bronchiectasis2. Acute asthma3. Cystic fibrosis4. Spinal cord injurya. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 1, 2, 3, and 4d. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Indications for directed coughing include which of the following?1. Enhance other airway clearance therapies.2. Help patients with tuberculosis clear secretions.3. Help prevent postoperative pulmonary complications.4. Obtain sputum specimens for diagnostic analysis.a. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following are contraindications for directed coughing?a. The presence of infection spread by droplet nucleib. Elevated intracranial pressure or intracranial aneurysmc. Reduced coronary artery perfusiond. Necrotizing pulmonary infectiona. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
For which of the following patients directed coughing might be contraindicated?1. Patient with poor coronary artery perfusion2. Postoperative upper-abdominal surgery patient3. Long-term care patient with retained secretions4. Patient with an acute unstable spinal injurya. 2 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 1 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1 & 4 only
What factors can hinder effective coughing?1. Artificial airways2. Neuromuscular disease3. Systemic overhydration4. Pain or fear of paina. 1, 2, and 4 onlyb. 2 and 4 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 3 and 4 only
1, 2, & 4 only
Key consideration in teaching a patient to develop an effective cough regimen includes which of the following?1. Strengthening of the expiratory muscles2. Instruction in breathing control3. Instruction in proper positioninga. 2 and 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1, 2, and 3d. 1 and 3 only
1, 2, & 3
What is the ideal patient position for directed coughing?a. Sitting with one shoulder rotated inward, the head and spine slightly flexedb. Supine, with knees slightly flexed and feet bracedc. Prone, with the head and spine slightly flexedd. Supine, with forearms relaxed and feet supported
Sitting with one shoulder rotated inward, the head and spine slightly flexed
A patient recovering from abdominal surgery is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following actions would you recommend to aid this patient in generating a more effective cough?1. Coordinating coughing with pain medication2. Using the forced expiration technique (FET)3. Supplying manual epigastric compression4. "Splinting" the operative sitea. 1, 2, and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 4 only
Strenuous expiratory efforts in some chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients limit the effectiveness of coughing. Why is this so?a. The accessory muscles of inspiration oppose the exhalation.b. All COPD patients have severe abdominal muscle weakness.c. High expiratory pleural pressures compress the small airways.d. Strenuous expiration causes the upper airway to collapse.
High expiratory pleural pressures compress the small airways.
A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient cannot develop an effective cough. Which of the following would you recommend helping this patient generate a more effective cough?1. Enhancing expiratory flow by bending forward at the waist2. Using short, expiratory bursts or the "huffing" method3. Using only moderate (as opposed to full) inspiration4. Having the patient "tense" the neck muscles while coughinga. 2 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
A nurse explains to you that a certain neuromuscular patient cannot develop a good cough. Which of the following would you consider to manage this patient's clearance problem?1. Combining manual chest compression with suctioning2. Coordinating the coughing regimen with pain medication3. Using the autogenic drainage method4. Using mechanical insufflation-exsufflationa. 1 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 2 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 4 only
1 & 4 only
Which of the following are true about the FET?1. It causes less bronchiolar collapse than traditional coughing.2. It occurs from mid to low lung volume without glottis closure.3. It has a period of diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation.4. It occurs from mid to high lung volume without glottis closure.a. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
Maintaining an open glottis during coughing (as with the FET) can help to minimize increases in pleural pressure and lessen the likelihood of bronchiolar collapse. Which of the following techniques can aid the practitioner in teaching the patient this maneuver?a. Having the patient inhale slowly through the noseb. Having the patient phonate or "huff" during expirationc. Having the patient "tense" the neck muscles while coughingd. Telling the patient to exert effort, as in straining at stool
Having the patient phonate or "huff" during expiration
Whether using traditional methods or the FET, a period of diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation should always follow attempts at coughing. What is the purpose of this approach?a. To restore the patient's SO2b. To restore lung volume and minimize fatiguec. To allow the patient time to ask questionsd. To decrease the likelihood of acute air trapping
To restore lung volume and minimize fatigue
What is the correct sequence of actions during the active cycle of breathing (ACB) method?1. Relaxation and breathing control2. Three or four thoracic expansion exercises3. One or two FETs (huffs)a. 1, 2, 1, and 3b. 1, 3, 1, and 2c. 3, 1, 2, and 1d. 1, 3, 2, and 1
1, 2, 1, & 3
During autogenic drainage, when should patients be encouraged to cough?a. Throughout the procedureb. After phase 1 onlyc. After phase 2 onlyd. After phase 3 only
After phase 3 only
What does phase 1 of autogenic drainage involve?a. Breathing at low to mid lung volumesb. An inspiratory capacity maneuver, followed by breathing at low lung volumesc. Vigorous coughing using the FETd. Progressive breaths at higher and higher lung volumes
An inspiratory capacity maneuver, followed by breathing at low lung volumes
What happens during the exsufflation phase of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation?1. Airway pressure is abruptly decreased to 30 to 50 cm H2O.2. Negative airway pressure is maintained for 2 to 3 sec.3. Peak expiratory "cough" flows reach near normal values.a. 1 and 2 onlyb. 2 and 3 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 3
1, 2, & 3
A typical mechanical insufflation-exsufflation treatment session should continue until what point?1. Secretions are cleared.2. The vital capacity (VC) returns to baseline.3. The SpO2 returns to baseline.a. 2 and 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1, 2, and 3d. 1 and 3 only
1, 2, & 3
Under which of the following conditions would mechanical insufflation-exsufflation with an oronasal mask probably be effective?1. If the glottis collapses during exsufflation2. Presence of fixed airway obstruction3. Presence of a chronic neuromuscular disordera. 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1, 2, and 3d. 1 and 3 only
3 only
Which of the following are potential indications for positive airway pressure therapies?1. Reduce air trapping in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.2. Help mobilize retained secretions.3. Prevent or reverse atelectasis.4. Optimize bronchodilator delivery.a. 2 and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, 3, & 4
Contraindications for positive airway pressure therapies include which of the following?a. Intracranial pressure exceeding 20 mm Hgb. Recent facial, oral, or skull surgery or traumac. Preexisting pulmonary barotrauma (e.g., pneumothorax)d. Air trapping/pulmonary overdistention in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseasea. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, & 3 only
Which of the following are hazards of positive airway pressure therapies (EPAP, PEP, CPAP)?1. Decreased venous return2. Epistaxis3. Pulmonary barotrauma4. Increased intracranial pressurea. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
What duration of time and pressure is recommended when using MIE devices to clear airways secretions in adults?a. 30 to 50 cm H2O at 1 to 3 secb. 10 to 30 cm H2O at 1 to 3 secc. 30 to 50 cm H2O at 5 to 10 secd. 10 to 30 cm H2O at 5 to 10 sec
30 to 50 cm H2O at 1 to 3 sec
A physician orders positive expiratory pressure therapy for a 14-year-old child with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following responses should be monitored on this patient?1. Peak flow or forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) per forced vital capacity percentage2. Patient's minute volume3. Quantity and character of sputum4. Breath soundsa. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 2 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following best describes positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy?a. Expiration against a variable flow resistanceb. Expiration against a fixed threshold resistancec. Inspiration against a variable flow resistanced. Inspiration against a fixed threshold resistance
Expiration against a variable flow resistance
In theory, how does positive expiratory pressure (PEP) help to move secretions into the larger airways?1. Filling underaerated segments through collateral ventilation2. Preventing airway collapse during expiration3. Causing bronchodilation during inspirationa. 2 and 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1, 2, and 3d. 1 and 3 only
1 & 2 only
Proper instructions for positive expiratory pressure include which of the following?1. Take in a breath that is larger than normal, but do not fill lungs completely.2. Exhale forcefully and maintain an expiratory pressure of 10 to 20 cm H2O.3. After 10 to 20 breaths, take two or three "huff"' coughs, and rest as needed.4. Repeat the cycle 8 to 10 times, not to exceed 30 min.a. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
1 & 3 only
A physician orders bronchodilator drug therapy in combination with positive expiratory pressure (PEP). Which of the following methods could you use to provide this combined therapy?1. Attach a dry powder inhaler in-line with the PEP apparatus.2. Attach a metered dose inhaler to the system's one-way valve inlet.3. Place a small volume nebulizer in-line with the PEP apparatus.a. 2 and 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1, 2, and 3d. 1 and 3 only
2 & 3 only
What is the movement of small volumes of air back and forth in the respiratory tract at high frequencies (12 to 25 Hz) called?a. Tidal breathingb. Active cycle breathingc. Oscillationd. Huffing
Oscillation
Which of the following parts are required to conduct high-frequency external chest wall compression?1. Variable air-pulse generator2. Expiratory flow resistor with one-way valve3. Nonstretch inflatable thoracic vesta. 1 and 2 onlyb. 2 and 3 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, and 3
1 & 3 only
Which of the following are typical of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy?1. 30-min therapy sessions2. Long inspiratory oscillations3. One to six sessions per day4. Oscillations at 20 to 25 Hza. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 2, 3, and 4 only
3 & 4 only
Which of the following determines effectiveness of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy?1. Compression frequency2. Largest volumes3. Flow biasa. 1 onlyb. 2 onlyc. 1 and 3 onlyd. 2 and 3 only
1 & 3 only
The airway clearance technique that uses a pneumatic device to deliver compressed gas minibursts to the airway at rates above 100/min best describes which of the following?a. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilationb. Active cycle of breathingc. High-frequency external chest wall compressiond. Intermittent positive-pressure breathing
Intermittent positive-pressure breathing
Which of the following is true about exercise and airway clearance?1. Exercise can enhance mucus clearance.2. Exercise can improve pulmonary function.3. Exercise can improve matching.4. Exercise can cause desaturation in some patients.a. 1, 3, and 4 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 1, 2, 3, and 4d. 2, 3, and 4 only
1, 2, 3, & 4
Patients can control a flutter valve's pressure by changing what?a. Their inspiratory flowb. The angle of the devicec. Their expiratory flowd. The expired volume
Their expiratory flow
Advantages of the flutter valve over other airway clearance methods include which of the following?1. Good patient acceptance2. Greater effectiveness3. Full portability4. Independent usea. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 3 onlyc. 2 and 4 onlyd. 1, 3, and 4 only
1, 3, & 4 only
Which of the following are advantages of the Acapella over the flutter?1. It can customize frequency.2. It can be used in any posture.3. It is more portable.4. It can customize flow resistance.a. 1 and 3 onlyb. 1, 2, and 4 onlyc. 3 and 4 onlyd. 1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, & 4 only
Which of the following should be considered when selecting an airway clearance strategy?1. Patient's goals, motivation, and preferences2. Effectiveness and limitations of technique or method3. Patient's age, ability to learn, and tendency to fatigue4. Need for assistants, equipment, and costa. 1, 2, and 3 onlyb. 1, 3, and 4 onlyc. 2 and 3 onlyd. 1, 2, 3, and 4
1, 2, 3, & 4
Which of the following airway clearance techniques would you recommend for a 15-month-old infant with cystic fibrosis?a. Postural drainage, percussion, and vibrationb. Positive expiratory pressure therapyc. Mechanical insufflation-exsufflationd. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation
Postural drainage, percussion, & vibration
Which of the following airway clearance techniques would you recommend for a patient with a neurologic abnormality (bulbar palsy) and intact upper airway?a. 2 and 3 onlyb. 1 and 2 onlyc. 1, 2, and 3d. 1 and 3 only
1 & 3 only
In assessing an adult outpatient for airway clearance therapy, you notice the following: (1) no history of cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis, (2) sputum production of 30 to 50 ml/day, (3) an effective cough, and (4) good hydration. Which of the following would you recommend?a. Postural drainage, percussion, and vibrationb. Positive expiratory pressure therapyc. Mechanical insufflation-exsufflationd. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation
Positive expiratory pressure therapy
Which of the following is the most appropriate airway clearance method for an infant with cystic fibrosis?a. PDPVb. MIEc. PEPd. Exercise
PDPV
